logo
  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class

855-997-4652LoginTry a Free Class

  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class
logo
  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class

855-997-4652LoginTry a Free Class

  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class
September 30, 2021 by Alejandra Castellanos Hispanic Culture 0 comments

The Fascinating History and Culture of Puerto Rico

What characterizes Puerto Rico is its distinctive location. It is an ideal place for trade, which has made it a target for foreign conquest for many centuries.

Join me as I explore the fascinating history of this valuable land and the intriguing culture they have to offer.

History of a Profitable Land

As a part of the West Indies, Puerto Rico has a complicated history of battles for land, socio-economic crises, and constant questioning about their belonging.

Early Settlers

The first inhabitants of the land now known as Puerto Rico were the Arawak Indians over 1,000 years prior to the Spanish arrival. Owners of the taíno culture, they settled on small villages growing tropical foods—they named their land Boriquén.

Nonetheless, neighbor islands constantly attacked Boriquén to gain control of the land. Upon his arrival in 1493, Christopher Columbus rescued Taino prisoners held in the Carib, an enemy island. When he returned them to Boriquén, he settled in a bay he chose to rename as San Juan Bautista, and claimed the land for the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand II and Isabella I.

Spanish Rule

Shortly after, Christopher Columbus moved the settlement to Hispaniola—now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic—establishing the first permanent settlement in the New World.

Caparra was the first official town. This bay served as anchorage for sailing vessels. Juan Ponce de León founded it in 1508 with mining and agriculture as the main economic activities.

Later in 1521, they decided to move the town up north and renamed the bay as Puerto Rico. As years went by, they changed the bay’s name to San Juan—the whole island became Puerto Rico.

The Indians rebelled against the Spanish when they were fed up with years of injustice. They were treated as vassals, forced to pay tribute to the Spanish crown, and suffered diseases the Spanish spread in their population, in addition to the imposition of a new religion.

In consequence, the Spanish decided to bring Indian and African slaves to work in the mines and the later-established sugarcane and ginger plantations.

At the sight of thriving economic conditions in Puerto Rico, neighbor islands attacked to take over the land.

The economic setbacks due to the attacks, the diseases that kept striking the population, and the other European pirates threatening to take them down, all resulted in the Spanish colonists beginning to leave the islands gradually.

Still attempting to protect their land, the Spanish turned San Juan into a military station to avoid further attacks.

Other European Invasions

The French, British, Danish, and Dutch kept attacking, resulting in defensive attacks from the Spanish, too. It became a constant battle over the island.

Eventually, Spain decided to settle on reforms to promote trade between Puerto Rico and Spain to improve the economy and cease the battle, turning Puerto Rico into an important space for economic growth.

With a long history of economic development, exportation to the United States, alternating political periods, and constant quests for independence, Puerto Rico obtained the right to a constitutional government by 1870.

The United States in Puerto Rico

The United States took colonies from Spain during the Spanish-American war by the end of the 1890s. This resulted in Puerto Rico being unable to claim an independent government. 

Seeking a safe, strategically located military station, the United States established their navy with the objective of creating the infamous Panama Canal later on.

Read more: The Spanish-American War.

Under the Treaty of Paris, the United States obtained Puerto Rico in 1899. Later in 1917, under the Jones Act, the U.S government granted Puerto Ricans the U.S citizenship. In 1950, President Truman signed the Puerto Rico Commonwealth Bill, and Puerto Rico was then able to establish their own constitution.

Year after year, the country has struggled to determine their real role within the United States, as well as to establish what kind of nation they want to be: either to remain a US commonwealth, a state, or to become an independent country. 

Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico – Castillo San Cristobal | © MyDifferentDrum/Flickr

Modern Day

Now, Puerto Rico is a United States territory, with their own constitution and government. They also elect their own governor and some even participate in the U.S general elections.

By 2016, their population was 3.4 million inhabitants. However, due to many years of economic recession, Puerto Ricans keep moving to the United States—particularly Florida—to seek better job opportunities.

For those who stay in their homeland, statistics indicate that they have a lower median household income.

The Puerto Rican flag is a representation of their rich history of battles and constant struggles for independence. They celebrate Flag Day on December 22nd. 

  • The red stripes stand for the blood shed by those who defended their land.
  • The white stripes stand for victory and peace.
  • The blue triangle represents the blue sky and the sea around them.
  • The white star stands for the island itself.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico flag | © damian entwistle/Flickr

Religion

Similarly to Latin Americans, Puerto Ricans are mostly Christian. Up to 56% of the population identify as Catholic whereas 33% of them identify as Protestants. 

Celebrations

It was amazing to see how many festivals Puerto Ricans hold all over the country! Here are some of the most memorable celebrations.

Fiestas de la Calle San Sebastián

Taking place on the third weekend of January, this festival takes over town squares. People perform live music among other performances. 

Puerto Rico
Fiestas de la Calle San Sebastián II | © Jorge Rodrigues/Flickr

Festival de la Piña Paradisíaca

They enjoy this awesome festival in La Parguera from June 7th to the 9th. With local vendors and live music, people witness runners on a 5K race around the beach and its coves. 

Noche de San Juan

On June 23rd, Puerto Ricans celebrate the birth of Saint John the Baptist (San Juan Bautista.) The tradition dictates that at midnight, people jump backwards into the ocean seven times for good luck. 

Festival de Santiago Apóstol

Vejigantes star in this festival. They are masks people use to represent African slaves on a huge parade that travels the town. At unique performances, they represent vejigantes against Spanish knights to remember the battles that shaped their history.

Puerto Rico
Vejigantes | © Rian Castillo/Flickr

Festival de la Novilla

Also on the third weekend of January, Puerto Ricans perform live music—folk and salsa—while others enjoy street food and amusement park rides.

Traditional Foods

With a wide variety of ingredients, mainly tropical foods, Puerto Rico has dozens of typical foods that represent their history and their unique taste!

1. Chuletas a la Primavera

Fried pork chops accompanied with rice and any type of beans.

2. Mojo Isleño

Tomato sauce, usually added to fried fish. 

3. Arepas de maíz

Dessert with a biscuit-like texture made out of corn, milk, and served with queso de papa. 

4. Jibaritos

A sandwich totally unique to Puerto Rico. Flattened fried plantains instead of bread over your favorite ingredients.

5. Budín de calabaza

Pumpkin pureé spiced up with orange, ginger, and cinnamon.

6. Flan

Boricuas are surely fans of flan; they make tons of flavors such as pumpkin, coconut, milk, cheese with pineapple, and vanilla. 

7. Boriqua Island Punch

A delicious beverage that combines coconut milk, coconut kernel, rum, and other flavors to make it a tropical flavor explosion.

8. Ponche

A beverage combining evaporated milk, coconut cream, condensed milk, spiced rum, egg yolks, vanilla, and cinnamon.

Puerto Rico
jibarito – chicken and plantain sandwich | © rosidae/Flickr

Music

The influence of many settlers claiming this land reflects on the music Puerto Ricans enjoy. Check out all these music styles that will remind you of this island.

Classical Music

Due to the mixture of earlier inhabitants of the land, Puerto Rico has bred talented classical composers like Manuel Tavares. Inevitably, some native composers have been brave enough to adapt Puerto Rican vibes into classical scores. Juan Morel Campos successfully achieved such style.

Folk Music

Puerto Rico easily captured their Spanish influence in taking this music for their culture. In this unique island, jíbaros play folk music with string and percussion instruments. People enjoy folk music at weddings and whenever a Puerto Rican finds themselves away from home, hearing some jíbaros play folk music makes them feel like home. 

Bomba y Plena

As different as these styles are, both are excellent for dancing. African heritage is responsible for Bomba, the rhythmic percussion-based music along with maracas are a must for those looking for an upbeat dance-off.

Plena reminds Puerto Ricans of the original inhabitants of their land, the Arawak Indians. It also blends with Spanish instruments like guitars. 

Salsa

Including much more sophisticated instruments and rhythms than some styles listed above, salsa brings together lots of Caribbeans into danceable music that represents the heart of Latin culture.

Puerto Rico
J&A Salsa 1 | © Aaron Guy Leroux/Flickr

Tourist Sites

Being an island with lovely weather and tons of gorgeous beaches, it offers an abundance of activities to engage in. Snorkeling, touring Old San Juan to find the best restaurants, kayaking, and jet skiing are some of the amazing experiences you can have in this beautiful island.

Check out this list of stunning places you must see on your next visit!

El Morro

This historical site originally was a military fort. It dates back to 1539 and it served as protection for the Spanish settlers from foreign attacks.

Puerto Rico
San Juan-El Morro | © Larry Syverson/Flickr

Vieques

The astonishing Isla de Vieques is the ideal spot for those looking for a quiet trip and low-key days under the sun.

You can do fun activities like scuba diving, snorkeling and sunbathing! There are many resorts you can stay at that offer a unique view of the island.

La Pirata, Vieques | © karlnorling/Flickr

Old San Juan

If the intricate history of this island captivated you, Old San Juan is the perfect spot for you. Dive into the country’s colonial past as you take a walk along the cobblestone streets. It is also an awesome place to stay while visiting Puerto Rico for its multiple hotels and restaurants.

You can find great hotels near Calle Fortaleza, the center of Puerto Rican history and culture.

Puerto Rico
Old San Juan | © Jim Bahn/Flickr

El Yunque

A gorgeous rainforest that is home to unique animal species that you will see nowhere else in the world! Be sure you book your guided tour of this one-of-a-kind corner of the island!

El Yunque Tropical Forest | © Sushant Jadhav/Flickr

Camuy River Cave Park

Are you a fan of beautiful rivers? This cave park is just for you! As you explore this subterranean site, boating along the river, you will be in awe at the stalagmites and stalactites that make this cave park a destination you must see!

Did you know that it is the third largest cave network in the world?

Puerto Rico
Entrance of the Cueva Clara (Bright Cave), Parque de las Cavernas del Río Camuy (Camuy River Cave Park), Puerto Rico | © Per Aspera/Wikimedia Commons

Vacation Is Better on an Island

While both English and Spanish are official languages on this gorgeous island, Spanish is the one you will need the most whenever you visit! Be sure you are ready for this unforgettable adventure by learning Spanish! Become a proficient speaker in no time by joining our community. Sign up for a free one-on-one class with a native Spanish speaker and see how great it is to speak this rich language!

sign up for a free trial class
Sign up for your FREE TRIAL CLASS today!

Want to learn more about Latin American culture? Check out our latest posts!

  • The Best Spanish Learning Podcasts for Kids
  • 12 Contemporary Spanish Female Artists Who Will Empower You
  • The History and Significance of Guatemalan Jade
  • Are Bilingual Children More Likely to Experience a Speech or Language Delay?
  • Top 10 Places to Visit in Guatemala City, Guatemala
  • Learn About Hispanic History: Were Hispanics Slaves?
  • Celebrating Culture and Joy: The Magic of Carnival in Spanish-Speaking Countries
  • 15 Mouth-Watering National Dishes of Latin America
  • Author
  • Recent Posts
Alejandra Castellanos
Alejandra Castellanos
Freelance Writer at Homeschool Spanish Academy
A native Spanish speaker and college student born in Guatemala, I have a passion for writing in English and sharing valuable language information with Spanish learners. If my readers can enjoy the lessons and information I share, I’ll consider my work done!
Alejandra Castellanos
Latest posts by Alejandra Castellanos (see all)
  • Christmas Songs and Vocabulary for Kids in Spanish - December 13, 2022
  • 100 Sentences With the Spanish Verb Ser - September 1, 2022
  • Learn the Shapes (Free Spanish Lessons for Kids) - January 13, 2022
trending topics
0

Related Posts

Key Benefits of Learning Soanish

3 Key Benefits to Being Bilingual in the Workforce

March 1, 2018
Read More
Spanish Foods

Food for Thought: 6 Spanish Foods to Learn About (and try!)

June 5, 2018
Read More
bilingualism in the US

Bilingualism: How the US Compares to Other Countries

June 14, 2018
Read More
bilingual

Ahead of the Pack: How Becoming Bilingual Now Can Leap your Child Ahead of Their Peers

May 12, 2018
Read More

Leave a Comment! Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

How To Set Up the Perfect Study Environment for at-Home LearningPrevious Post
How to Use the Pomodoro Study Technique to Master Spanish FluencyNext Post

About Us

With over 10 years of experience, HSA is where your goals merge with our teachers’ passion: to improve your Spanish fluency. Custom-tailored to fit your needs, you choose your program, schedule, favorite teachers, pace of learning, and more.. Learn More

Resources

  • About
  • Get a Transcript
  • FAQs
  • How it Works
  • Partners

Recent Posts

  • How One-on-One Spanish Lessons Unlock Your Preschooler’s Natural Language Skills
    How One-on-One Spanish Lessons Unlock Your Preschooler’s Natural Language Skills
    May 15, 2025
    Your preschooler’s brain is wired for...
  • Fun Ways to Practice Spanish with Family (Even If Everyone’s at Different Levels)
    Fun Ways to Practice Spanish with Family (Even If Everyone’s at Different Levels)
    May 14, 2025
    Whether your teen speaks more Spanish than...

Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Contact Us© 2022 HSA. All rights reserved.