logo
  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class

855-997-4652LoginTry a Free Class

  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class
logo
  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class

855-997-4652LoginTry a Free Class

  • Programs
    • Preschool
    • Elementary School
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Adults
    • School Solutions
  • School Solutions
  • Pricing
  • How it Works
  • Testimonials
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • My Cart
  • Login
  • Try a Free Class
January 5, 2021 by Luis F. Dominguez Spanish Grammar 0 comments

What is an Infinitive in Spanish?

You probably know about the infinitive in English, but what is an infinitive in Spanish? That’s another question. 

Infinitives play a crucial role in the way we construct sentences and express ourselves in Spanish. For this reason, in this post we’ll learn

  • what is an infinitive in Spanish
  • what are the 3 types of infinitives
  • when you should use an infinitive in Spanish, and 
  • 6 ways to do it. 

Finally, as a bonus, I’ve added 45 of the most common infinitive verbs in Spanish to keep improving your vocabulary. 

What is an Infinitive in Spanish?

The infinitive is the most basic form of a verb, without being conjugated in any particular tense or mood. In English, the infinitive form of verbs includes the preposition “to.” Some examples of infinitives in English are

  • “to sing,” 
  • “to run,” 
  • and “to sleep” 

Now that we know how the infinitive looks in English, let’s try to answer the main question: what is an infinitive in Spanish? 

The Royal Spanish Academy defines the infinitive as a “non-personal form of the verb,” which means that it isn’t conjugated. The infinitive doesn’t depend on the subject. In other words, it’s not affected by who executes the action in the sentence.  

reflexive verbs in spanish conversation

What are the 3 Spanish infinitives?

In Spanish, the infinitive form has three different endings: 

  • -ar (cantar)
  • -er (correr)
  • -ir (dormir)

Every Spanish verb infinitive has one of these three endings, and their conjugation varies according to their ending—as long as they are regular verbs. 

This means that all regular verbs ending in -ar follow the same conjugation pattern, just like all regular verbs ending in -er, and regular verbs ending in -ir.

How Do You Know When to Use the Infinitive in Spanish?

Now that we have answered the question “what is an infinitive in Spanish?”, let’s find out when to use it. 

6 Ways to Use the Infinitive in Spanish

Even though the infinitive is the basic, non-conjugated form of a verb, sometimes you can use it in your sentences. Let’s look at some of the most common uses of the infinitive in Spanish. 

1. Subject of a Sentence

You can use the infinitive in a sentence where the verb functions as a noun. In these cases, the infinitive is always singular and masculine. 

In Spanish, sometimes the infinitive is the subject of a sentence. The translation of these sentences into English use the infinitive or the gerund (-ing ending). However using the gerund (-ando and -iendo endings) as a noun in Spanish would be incorrect.

Examples

Leer es un placer.
Reading is a pleasure. 

Dormir bien es muy importante.
To sleep well is very important. 

2. Verbal Object

Non-conjugated forms of verbs are called verbals, and you can use them as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. The verbals in Spanish are 

  • the infinitive (-ar, -er, -ir)
  • the gerund (-ando, -iendo)
  • the participle (-ado, -ido) 

When in a sentence a noun follows a verbal, it’s called the verbal object. You can identify it by asking “what?” or “who?” in relation to the verbal. 

In some sentences in Spanish, the infinitive behaves both as a noun (because it’s an object of another verb) and as a verb because it has an object itself. 

Examples

Quiero salir de aquí.
I want to get out of here. 

In this case, salir is a noun because it’s the verbal object of quiero. Remember that you can identify the verbal object by asking “what?” So, what do you want? The answer is “to get out of here.” (¿Qué es lo que quieres? Salir de aquí).

Espero terminar mi carrera pronto.
I hope to finish my degree soon. 

3. Verbal Complement

To understand what is an infinitive in Spanish, you have to remember that infinitives play many roles in a sentence. One of these roles is that of complementing other verbs.

Examples

Todo lo que ella buscaba era tener una oportunidad.
All she was looking for was to have an opportunity. 

Carlos parece ser un buen chico.
Carlos seems to be a good kid. 

4. Prepositional Object

Sometimes, infinitives are also the objects of prepositions. When this happens, the translation converts the infinitive in Spanish into a gerund in English.

Examples 

Me compré estos lentes para leer.
I bought these glasses for reading.

Lo regañaron por robar un pedazo de pan.
He was punished for stealing a piece of bread. 

5. Command

In your quest to fully grasp what is an infinitive in Spanish, you might be surprised to discover that infinitives also work as commands. This is not so common in speech, but you’ll find it a lot in written text such as instructions, signs, and recipes. 

Examples 

Abrir con cuidado.
Open carefully. 

No pisar el pasto.
Keep off the grass. 

6. Forming the Spanish Future Tense

The infinitive plays a crucial role in the formation of the future simple tense. Usually, when you conjugate a verb in Spanish, you have to take off the infinitive endings -ar, -er, or -ir, and then add the specific ending of each tense. 

However, the future loves the infinitive. So much so, that it keeps its –ar, -er, or -ir endings and simply adds an additional ending after them, which I’m happy to report that the new endings are exactly the same for all -ar verbs, -er verbs, and -ir verbs. 

Examples
InfinitiveFuture Simple(1st person)
cantar(to sing)yo cantaré
correr(to run)yo correré
dormir(to sleep)yo dormiré

The infinitive also plays an important role in the formation of the periphrastic future tense, which uses the verb ir + a or “going” followed by an infinitive. 

  • Voy a comprar leche.
    I’m going to buy milk.
  • Vamos a aprender español.
    We’re going to learn Spanish. 

Lots of Infinitive Verbs!

We started this post by asking “what is an infinitive verb in Spanish?” and after learning a lot about the infinitive, now it’s time to learn some of the most frequently used infinitive verbs in Spanish.

Infinitive verbs

-ar 

cantarto sing
volarto fly
nadarto swim
soñarto dream
abrazarto hug
amarto love
curarto cure
sanarto heal
caminarto walk
lavarto wash
terminarto finish
empezarto start
besarto kiss
estarto be

-er 

correrto run
comerto eat
beberto drink
quererto want
entenderto understand
saberto know
serto be
nacerto born
temerto fear
creerto believe
volverto return
leerto read
merecerto deserve
convencerto convince
defenderto defend

-ir 

dormirto sleep
irto go
decidirto decide
sentirto feel
vestirto wear
morirto die
vivirto live
decirto say
sufrirto suffer
reírto laugh
sonreírto smile
discutirto discuss
escribirto write
oírto hear
elegirto choose

Practice Your Infinitives Today!

The infinitive verbs in Spanish play an important role in everyday conversations that you’ll be having with native Spanish speakers. Today, we asked “what is an infinitive in Spanish?” and I think we have answered that question to complete satisfaction. Now, you not only know what is an infinitive in Spanish, but also what are the 3 Spanish infinitives and 6 ways to use them.

Are you ready to apply what you’ve learned in live, 1-on-1 conversation? Sign up for a free class to learn Spanish with certified native speakers and practice your infinitives in Spanish today!

sign up for a free trial class what is an infinitive in spanish
Sign up for your FREE TRIAL CLASS today!

Want to learn Spanish? Check out our latest posts!

  • Hacer Conjugation: Free Spanish Lesson, Exercises, and PDF
  • How To Write Dates in Spanish
  • ‘Tener’ Subjunctive Mood: How To Use It the Right Way
  • Ser Conjugation: Free Spanish Lesson, Quiz, Exercises, and PDF
  • Spanish Preterite vs Imperfect: 25 Online Exercises to Practice Your Skills
  • Hallar vs Encontrar: What’s the Difference?
  • Meter vs Poner in Spanish: What’s the Difference?
  • Introducir vs Presentar in Spanish: What’s the Difference?
  • Author
  • Recent Posts
Follow me
Luis F. Dominguez
Freelance Writer at Homeschool Spanish Academy
Luis F. Domínguez is a freelance writer and independent journalist interested in travel, languages, art, books, history, philosophy, politics and sports. He has written for Fodor’s, Yahoo!, Sports Illustrated, Telemundo, and Villa Experience, among other brands of print and digital media in Europe and North America.
Follow me
Latest posts by Luis F. Dominguez (see all)
  • 55 False Cognates in Spanish That Will Kill Your Conversation - January 31, 2023
  • Hacer Conjugation: Free Spanish Lesson, Exercises, and PDF - January 30, 2023
  • Qué Tal vs Cómo Estás: What’s the Difference? - January 29, 2023
spanish grammar what is an infinitive in spanish
0

Related Posts

Spanish for dummies

Spanish for Dummies [Greetings, Questions, Small Talk, and More]

March 10, 2022
Read More
spanish pronouns

3 Types of Spanish Pronouns to Perfect Your Fluency

May 16, 2021
Read More
you formal in Spanish

How to Say ‘You’ in Formal and Informal Spanish

September 21, 2021
Read More
filler words in Spanish

The Ultimate Guide to Filler Words in Spanish for More Natural Conversations

September 27, 2021
Read More

Leave a Comment! Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Master All the Forms of Ser in Spanish: Your Ultimate Grammar GuidePrevious Post
20 Most Common Subjunctive Triggers in SpanishNext Post

About Us

With over 10 years of experience, HSA is where your goals merge with our teachers’ passion: to improve your Spanish fluency. Custom-tailored to fit your needs, you choose your program, schedule, favorite teachers, pace of learning, and more.. Learn More

Resources

  • About
  • Get a Transcript
  • FAQs
  • How it Works
  • Partners

Recent Posts

  • 55 False Cognates in Spanish That Will Kill Your Conversation
    55 False Cognates in Spanish That Will Kill Your Conversation
    January 31, 2023
    Ever heard of "false friends"? And I don’t...
  • Hacer Conjugation: Free Spanish Lesson, Exercises, and PDF
    Hacer Conjugation: Free Spanish Lesson, Exercises, and PDF
    January 30, 2023
    Some people say that the key to learning...

Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Contact Us© 2022 HSA. All rights reserved.