All You Ever Needed to Know About Spanish (Simple) Past Tense Verbs

What did you do last weekend? Did you study Spanish with a friend? Talking about past events is crucial to conversations—we use it to tell stories, talk about memories, and share previous events and feelings. Communicating prior events is a huge part of almost every conversation, which is why it is so important to learn this tense in your second language: Spanish. Let’s explore the Spanish past tense!

Spanish Past Tense: How to Use It

First of all, when we say the “past tense,” this phrase encompasses multiple different tenses (past simple, continuous, perfect, etc.). Specifically, in this blog post, we will focus on what we call the simple past in English. However, it’s important to note that there is no pasado simple in Spanish. Instead, two different tenses exist in Spanish that translate to the simple past in English: el pretérito and el imperfecto. 

• El pretérito is for actions that took place one time. For example:
  • We went to the movie theater last Friday.
  • My parents got married in 1987.
  • He gave me a new bike for my birthday.
• El imperfecto is for actions that repeatedly took place in the past, or continual states (like time and weather). For example:
  • We used to get coffee every Sunday when we were in college.
  • She used to play basketball when she was younger.
  • We used to have game night every Thursday.

In order to know which to choose, keep the following in mind:

• If you are talking about singular past events, or events that happened several times but NOT habitually, use the pretérito. For example:
  • Fuimos al cine el viernes pasado.
  • Mis padres se casaron en 1987.
  • Él me regaló una nueva bicicleta para mi cumpleaños. 

• If you are talking about habitual past events or things you “used to” do, then use the imperfecto. For example:
  • Tomabamos café cada domingo cuando estabamos en la universidad.
  • Ella jugaba básquetbol cuando era niña.
  • Teníamos una noche de juegos cada jueves.

Now that you understand how the two past tenses are used, we will narrow our focus to the pretérito and see how to conjugate it. 

Spanish Past Tense Conjugations: Regular Verbs

If you remember from our previous posts, there are both regular and irregular verbs in Spanish. The regular verbs divide into three groups based on their endings: -AR, -ER, or -IR. As we discuss in detail in our simple present tense blog post, the -ER and -IR verb endings are quite similar. Let’s see if that is the same for the pretérito!

	-AR Verbs (hablar)	-ER Verbs (comer)	-IR Verbs (vivir)
Yo	-é	-í	-í
Yo hablé	Yo comí	Yo viví
Tú	-aste	-iste	-iste
Tú hablaste	Tú comiste	Tú viviste
Usted	-ó	-ió	-ió
Usted habló	Usted comió	Usted vivió
Él/Ella	-ó	-ió	-ió
Él habló	Él comió	Él vivió
Nosotros	-amos	-imos	-imos
Nosotros hablamos	Nosotros comimos	Nosotros vivimos
Ustedes	-aron	-ieron	-ieron
Ustedes hablaron	Ustedes comieron	Ustedes vivieron
Ellos/Ellas	-aron	-ieron	-ieron
Ellos hablaron	Ellos comieron	Ellos vivieron

-ER and -IR Verb Endings

As you can see, the endings for the simple past tense for both the -ER and -IR verbs are exactly the same! This makes it easier for you to memorize the Spanish conjugations for the pretérito. Just remember that the past tense endings for both verb times start with i and you’ll be set!

Nosotros Conjugation

One potentially confusing part of the pretérito is that the nosotros form for -AR and -IR verbs is the same as in the present simple. You can say nosotros hablamos or nosotros vivimos and be talking about either present or past actions. How can you possibly understand which time other people are talking about? How can you make it clear in your own sentences that you are talking about the past instead of the present? Well, there are several context clues that you can listen for that will help you understand better.

• Siempre – this keyword tells you that the activity is habitual. Since the pretérito is never used for habitual past events, the verb would have to be in the present tense.
• Ayer, la semana pasada, el año pasado – these time markers make it clear that the action took place in the past.
• Hace – this means “ago,” which indicates a past event.

If you don’t quite understand the context, don’t be afraid to ask! This can be a confusing thing even for native speakers.

Accents, Pronunciation, and Meaning

Look at the usted form of hablar. It looks just like the yo form in the present simple tense, just with an accent, right? 

Simple Present: yo hablo

Simple Past: usted/él/ella habló

These verbs look the same but do not sound the same; the accent, or tilde, makes all the difference. When you say hablo, the emphasis is on the first syllable: HAB-lo. On the other hand, habló has the emphasis on the second syllable where the accent is: hab-LO.

Accents may not seem that important, but they change the pronunciation drastically. Don’t forget to put accents on the yo, usted, él, and ella forms of the Spanish past tense.

Spanish Past Tense: Irregular Verbs

No Spanish tense would be complete without some irregular forms! Many of the verbs have stem changes, while others have slight spelling changes. There are only a handful of completely irregular verbs which we will look at below. Let’s dive in!

Stem-changing Verbs

When looking at the following stem-changing verbs in the pretérito, note that none of the forms have any accent marks like with the regular forms. Let’s take a look.

Change to -UV-

	Tener	Estar	Andar
Yo	tuve	estuve	anduve
Tú	tuviste	estuviste	anduviste
Usted	tuvo	estuvo	anduvo
Él/ella	tuvo	estuvo	anduvo
Nosotros	tuvimos	estuvimos	anduvimos
Ustedes	tuvieron	estuvieron	anduvieron
Ellos/ellas	tuvieron	estuvieron	anduvieron

Change to -S-

	Poner	Componer	Querer
Yo	puse	compuse	quise
Tú	pusiste	compusiste	quisiste
Usted	puso	compuso	quiso
Él/ella	puso	compuso	quiso
Nosotros	pusimos	compusimos	quisimos
Ustedes	pusieron	compusieron	quisieron
Ellos/ellas	pusieron	compusieron	quisieron

Change to -J-

	Decir	Traer	Traducir	Producir
Yo	dije	traje	traduje	produje
Tú	dijiste	trajiste	tradujiste	produjiste
Usted	dijo	trajo	tradujo	produjo
Él/ella	dijo	trajo	tradujo	produjo
Nosotros	dijimos	trajimos	tradujimos	produjimos
Ustedes	dijeron	trajeron	tradujeron	produjeron
Ellos/ellas	dijeron	trajeron	tradujeron	produjeron

With the verbs that change to include a J, note that in the third person plural form (ustedes, ellos, ellas) there is NOT an i in the ending. It is not dijieron. Instead, it is dijeron.

Change to -I-

	Venir	Prevenir
Yo	vine	previne
Tú	viniste	previniste
Usted	vino	previno
Él/ella	vino	previno
Nosotros	vinimos	previnimos
Ustedes	vinieron	previnieron
Ellos/ellas	vinieron	previnieron

Unique Changes

	Poder	Hacer
Yo	pude	hice
Tú	pudiste	hiciste
Usted	pudo	hizo
Él/ella	pudo	hizo
Nosotros	pudimos	hicimos
Ustedes	pudieron	hicieron
Ellos/ellas	pudieron	hicieron

One final thing to note about the stem-changing verbs in the past tense is that the verbs tener, venir, and decir are often the bases for other words with prefixes like contener or prevenir. Since these verbs end the same as the simpler verbs, they also undergo stem changes in the same form: yo tuve, yo contuve.

Verbs That Change in the Yo Form

There are three groups of verbs that change ONLY in the yo form in the simple past tense:

• Verbs that end in -CAR
• Verbs that end in -GAR
• Verbs that end in -ZAR

The reason for this is due to pronunciation! A couple of letters in Spanish have different sounds depending on which vowel follows them (learn more about this effect in our pronunciation blog post). These letters are, as seen above, C, G, and Z. 

We will explore how the verbs listed below end in “ar” in the infinitive, but in -é for the yo conjugation in the past tense, which requires spelling changes to maintain the correct pronunciation. 

Originally, the verb produces a hard sound as it connects “ar” to the preceding consonant. However, since the yo conjugation in the past tense is -é, it causes a soft sound from the preceding letter. The change from a hard to a soft C, for example, would completely change the pronunciation of the verb. To combat this effect, slight spelling changes occur. Let’s look at how these changes help the pronunciation to stay consistent:

• Tocar (toh-kahr) 
  • No spelling change: yo tocé (toh-say). This pronunciation actually has a completely different meaning, resembling the verb toser (to cough).
  • With spelling change: yo toqué (toh-kay). The verb retains the hard “k” sound and is recognizable as a form of tocar.

Check out the three types of spelling changes below! 

-CAR Verbs

The C changes to a QU.

	-CAR Verb Conjugation (Tocar)
Yo	toqué
Tú	tocaste
Usted	tocó
Él/Ella	tocó
Nosotros	tocamos
Ustedes	tocaron
Ellos/Ellas	tocaron

-GAR Verbs

The G changes to a GU.

	-GAR Verb Conjugation (Pagar)
Yo	pagué
Tú	pagaste
Usted	pagó
Él/Ella	pagó
Nosotros	pagamos
Ustedes	pagaron
Ellos/Ellas	pagaron

-ZAR Verbs

The Z changes to a C.

	-ZAR Verb Conjugation (Organizar)
Yo	organicé
Tú	organizaste
Usted	organizó
Él/Ella	organizó
Nosotros	organizamos
Ustedes	organizaron
Ellos/Ellas	organizaron

While these are only three examples, many more verbs follow these patterns. ANY verb that ends in -CAR, -GAR, or -ZAR changes in the same way as shown above.

Verbs that Change in the Third Person

To avoid confusion with similar sounding verbs, five groups of verbs have spelling changes ONLY in the third person (usted, él, ella, ustedes, ellos, ellas). As you can see below, a Y is added in place of the I usually used in -ER/-IR endings.

	-EER Verbs (Creer)	-UIR Verbs (Huir)	-CAER Verbs (Caer)	-OÍR Verbs(Oír)	-OER Verbs(Corroer)
Yo	creí	hui	caí	oí	corroí
Tú	creíste	huiste	caíste	oíste	corroíste
Usted	creyó	huyó	cayó	oyó	corroyó
Él/Ella	creyó	huyó	cayó	oyó	corroyó
Nosotros	creímos	huimos	caímos	oímos	corroímos
Ustedes	creyeron	huyeron	cayeron	oyeron	corroyeron
Ellos/Ellas	creyeron	huyeron	cayeron	oyeron	corroyeron

*Take note that some of the above verbs (creer, caer, oír, corroer) have additional accents over the I in the tú and nosotros form. This is another slight spelling change, but one that is not noticed in spoken Spanish.

Unique Irregular Verbs

As promised, here is a list of completely irregular verbs! It’s necessary to memorize these Spanish past tense conjugations as they are very common. Something very interesting happens with two of the following verbs. Can you see what it is?

	Dar Conjugation
Yo	di
Tú	diste
Usted	dio
Él/Ella	dio
Nosotros	dimos
Ustedes	dieron
Ellos/Ellas	dieron

	Ir Conjugation
Yo	fui
Tú	fuiste
Usted	fue
Él/Ella	fue
Nosotros	fuimos
Ustedes	fueron
Ellos/Ellas	fueron

	Ser Conjugation
Yo	fui
Tú	fuiste
Usted	fue
Él/Ella	fue
Nosotros	fuimos
Ustedes	fueron
Ellos/Ellas	fueron

	Ver Conjugation
Yo	vi
Tú	viste
Usted	vio
Él/Ella	vio
Nosotros	vimos
Ustedes	vieron
Ellos/Ellas	vieron

Seeing Double

No, we didn’t make a mistake. The conjugations for ir and ser in the Spanish past tense are exactly the same. There is absolutely no difference between the verbs in the pretérito. Doesn’t that cause a lot of confusion, you ask? Just like with the nosotros forms in the simple present and past, you need to listen to context clues to understand when someone is using ir or ser. 

Fui or… Fui?

While it may seem completely confusing now, understanding the difference between these two verbs in the past tense is quite simple because of their vastly unique meanings. 

For example, the verb ir is usually followed by the word a and a place. 

Él fue a la tienda.

The verb ser is often followed by an adjective or a noun referring to the subject. 

Fue una fiesta muy divertida.

With practice, you’ll be able to listen for context clues with ease!

¡Ya terminaste la lección!

You are set with a lot of information about the simple past tense in Spanish! ¡Aprendiste mucho! To make sure all these conjugations really stick with you, practice with one of our great Spanish-speaking teachers in a free trial class! They can help you apply this knowledge in real-life conversations and helpful worksheets. See how it works today! 

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